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Skills Ecosystem and the Role of School Management for Sustainable Development of Dual Education

January 16, 2026

An article by Assoc. Prof. Svetlana Aleksandrova, PhD and Assoc. Prof. Veneta Krasteva, PhD has been published with open access in Societies (Q2): https://doi.org/10.3390/soc16010020.

The publication presents results from the researchers’ work within the Skills2Capabilities (2023–2025) project, funded under Horizon Europe. The article focuses on the mechanisms used by a vocational upper secondary school in Bulgaria to develop and ensure the sustainability of dual education. It analyses the leadership role of school management within a network of diverse stakeholders and demonstrates the importance of this role throughout the entire process of developing dual education.

The paper also provides an overview of the challenges facing dual education in Bulgaria. Based on the case study findings, key factors supporting the implementation and sustainability of the dual system are identified. The article concludes that the role of school leadership—both in terms of motivation and active engagement—is crucial and should not be overlooked when designing state incentives to support dual education.